Gyratory crusher



Dec- 29, 1936- s. w. TRAYLo, JR., 5T AL 2,066,281

GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed March 11,'1931 v2 sheets-sheet ,2

WITNEssEs ATTORNEYS.

Patented Dec. 29, 1936 UNETED STATES `PA'IENT oFFIcE Beylnl, Allentown, Pa.,

asslgnors to Traylor Engineering & Manufacturing Company, llentown, Pa., a corporation o! Delaware Application March 11, 1931, Serial No. .521,332

' reclaim. (ci. :as-1o) Our invention relates to gyratory crushers, our object being to provide a novel crusher affording various advantages that will appear hereinafter. We aim to provide a compact machine with yielding head support that can be easily adjusted to vary the size of the crushed product, even while the machine is running. We aim to provide for easy replacement of the inner, working surface of the crushing shell; to provide for effective lubrication of working parts, in a novel and advantageous manner; and to provide for enclosing and sealing the bearings against entrance of grit or escape of oil. In employing an eccentric to operate the crushing head, we aim to improve the eccentric bearings, especially the step bearing and its lubrication.

How any and all of these advantages can be realized through the invention will appear from the description hereinafterv of selected and preferred forms of embodiment.

In the drawings, Fig. I shows a vertical mld= section through a gyratory crusher conveniently embodying our invention.

Fig. II shows a horizontal section taken as indicated by the line and arrows II-II in Fig. I.

Fig. III is a fragmentary vertical section taken similarly to Fig. I, but showing a modification of certain parts.

Fig. IV is a fragmentary vertical section` illus trating provisions for lubricant circulation from outside the Crusher.

The crusher here shown comprises an outer crushing shell 5 located in the upper portion of the hollow frame or casing 6 and a. gyratory crushing head 'I mountedwithin the shell 5 and casing l5, and cooperating with them in a manner well understood in this art.l The crushing head I is mounted onl a conical portion of a shaft 8,'

which in the present instance extends up above the head at 9 and has a slightly conical enlarge-` ment that engages in a bearing III mounted over the crushing shell 5, in the hub of a. spider II. The shaft 8 also extends downward below the head 'I at I2. In the present instance, the gyratory head l' is operated by a subjaoent rotary eccentric I3, that actuates the downward pro jecting lower portion i2 of the shaft 3. Within the frame 6 is a hollow hub-like structure I4, connected to theframe .6 by suitable spoke-like 5o' webs I5 and by a. bored countershaft bearing boss I6,-all preferablycast integral with the frame S. 'I'he lower end portion or extension I'I of the eccentric I3 is journalled in a bearing boss I8 in a hollow drum-like bottom structure I9 bolted fast to the lower end of the hub I4. 'I'he eccentric I3 has an external step bearing shoulder 2t that rests on a step bearing shoulder formed by one or more bronze wearing rings 2l seated in a rabbet at the upper end oi the bearing I8. On the eccentric I3 (just above the step bearing 2li) is 5` a beveled driving gear 22 which meshes with a bevel pinion 23 on the inner end of a countershaft 2d mounted in a bearing bracket 25, which is mounted and secured in the bore of the bo'ss I6.' The countershaft 2d may be driven by an electric 10 motor (not shown) or any other suitable source of power, to rotate the eccentric I3. The eccentric journal bearing at I1, I 8, below the gear 22, supplements its journal bearing above the gear (hereinafter described) very eifectively'in taking i5 the lateral thrust due to the crushing stresses. An apertured annular web 26 connects the upper end of the boss I8 to the outer drum wall.

The crushing head 1 is supported by an annular bearing member -2'I located within the hublgo I4 around the eccentric I3, and preferably also aiording a journal bearing for said eccentric I3 above the gear 22. As here shown, the member 2 has a replaceable wearing surface 28 with which the nished bottom surface 29 of the head .25 engages. These surfaces 28, 29 are spherical'surfaces whose centerlies at the point of engagement of the upper shaft element 9 in its bearing I0.

The head-supporting member 27 is adjustable up and down in the hub It, to raise and lower the crushing head 'I relative to the crushing shell 5,

so as to vary the clearance between these parts and the size of the ,crushed product. For this purpose, there is shown an annular nut member 30 in screw threaded engagement at 30a with 35 the interior of the hub I4, so that it can be raised and lowered by turning it -in the hub. Preferably, the thrust-transmitting surfaces of the threads 30a are bevelled so as to be everywhere substantially parallel with the diametrically opposite 40 active crushing surface of the head 'I which creates the thrust. Thus the nut 30 is selfcentering, and the crushing thrust does not tend to tilt or "cocl it. As shown, the threads at 30a are buttress threads. The nut member 30 45 can be turned by means o! a worm 3l engaging a worm wheel or set o! teeth 32 on the reduced lower end of said member 30. As shown in Fig..

II, the shaft 33 of the worm 3| is journalled in bearing sleeves 34, 34 insertedvand secured in 50 bosses 35 cast integral with the frame 6 and hub I4, and friction washers 36, 38 are interposed between said bearing sleeves and the ends of the worm to take the worm thrust. The annular member 21 is supported by the nut 5g 'n through on interposed nest of heuool compression springs 31 accommodated in corresponding bores in said parts 21, 30.- The parts 21, 30 may be anti-turningly engaged with freecrushing head 1,--asby a piece of metal getting into the crusher. In other words, the parts 21, 30 behave as'a single structure until necessity arises for the yielding of the spring cushion. 'I'he member 21 has a sliding fit in the member 30. as well as in the upper part of the hub i4.

As here shown, the lower end of the crushing head 1 has a cylindrical surfaced internal shoulder or cavity formed by a depending skirt or flange 44. The corresponding portion of the hub I4 has an external annular 'groove 4I formed by a shoulder or flange on the hub and a split cover ring 46, held in definite position by an internal rib or tongue engaged in a corresponding external groove in the hubA I4. In the groove 45 is a sealing ring 41 whose cylindrical periphery engags with the cylindrical inner surface of the head 1 at 44. The coacting surfaces of the ring 41 and of the sides of its groove 45 are preferably spherical, and concentric with the surface 29-of the head 1. The ring 41 permits free gyratory movement of the head 1, and. does not interfere with its vertical adjustment, but neveriieless forms a tight seal between the head 1 and the hub I4 against ingress of dust or dirt and against egress of oil or lubricant. 'Ihis and the thorough lubrication hereinafter described permits vertical -addustments of the head 1 to be made (by means of the worm and nut 3|, 30) while the crusher is running. .The great reduction possible in the threads 30a' and between worm 3| `and gear 32 permits correspondingly easy adjustment,l notwithstanding the weights and stresses involved.

From the foregoing description, it will4 be seenthat the head-supporting means 21, adjusting means 30, 3l, 32, and spring cushion means 31, etc., as well as the head-operating mechanism (eccentric I3, etc.), are all inside the crusher,

between the' head 1 above and the driving gear,

In the external surface of the shaft I2 is a heli-y the crusher is in operation,

22 beneath, and completely enclosed and sealed off in the hollow hub I4 with its bottom I8 and boss I6, etc. Thus all the working and wearing parts and surfaces (except the bearing at Il) are enclosed and included in the main lubricat.

ing system of the crusher which lubricates-the head-operating mechanism, and are also thereby lubricated. When the crusher is at rest, the oil supply in the' enclosure forms a pool that extends upon the teeth of gear 22. The lower bearing portion I1 of the eccentric I3 is hollow, and is-provided with an inclined oil raising scoop rib 50. At the upper end of this rib is a port 5I into the interior of the eccentric I3, below the lower end of the crusher head shaft portion I2.

cal groove 52, of comparatively large pitch. When a oil is lifted into the interior of the eccentric I3 by the rib. il. aided by centrifugal force, and is thence raised orwiped upward in the groove 52, by the combined action of centrifugal force and of friction be- 'l exterior of the tween the l interior of the revolving eccentric and shaft i2,whieh 4does not revolve,-thoroughly lubricating the interior of the eccentric. The oil issues from the upper end of the groove l2 into the interior of the annular member, 21. On the upper end of the eccentric I3 are a number of upstanding radial vanes or wings I3 that act centrifugally to pass or propel thel oil outward and upward through upward- I sloping curved ports or passages I4 in the member 21 into an annularly extending oil groove I5 in the contact surface 23 of said, member, so as to lubricate its contact with thevr head 1. 'I'he lower ends of the passages $4 are shown of sufficient vertical width to receive the oil thrown 'out by the'vanes I3 in all vertical adjustments of the member 21. Some of the oil at the upper end of the eccentric I3 descends in grooves I4 in the outer bearing surface of the eccentric, thoroughly lubricating it, and then ows outward over the teeth of ygear 22, lubricating its contact with pinion 23.

From the groove l5 in the head-supporting contact surface 23 of the member 21, some of the oil works its way out around the member 21,

' and strikes an annular inturned flange l1 on the bottom of the head 1, and drips down into an annular V trough between the periphery of the member 21 and the inward-bevelled upper end of the hub I4 and collar 4S. This oil works down between these parts, and in grooves I3 in the hub I4, to the screw threadsbetween the nutmember 30 and the hub, I4, and some of this descends through a port or passage 59 inhub I4 and flows outward to a chamber 30 in the bearing bracket 25. From this chamber I3. the oil runs through a port 4I to the countershaft 24, and works its way inward and outward through its bearings. The outilowing oil returns through ports 62, 63 to the pool beneath the gear-22. Some oil may also be thrown off from the crushing head flange l1 and reach the seal ring 41. lubricating its contacts with the shoulder at 44 andthe sides of groove 4I. From the top of cover ring 43 and from the bottom of groove 4l, oil passes inward and downward through sloping ports 64, 65 and works on down between the in-v terior of the hub and the members 21, 33. The trough in cover ring 43 and the port or ports 64 largely prevent oil from reaching the sealing ring 41, and thus protect it from grinding wear by dust particles retained by the oil. All of the descending oil finally nds its way back to the pool beneath the gear 22 and through ports I3 and 6l into the hollow eccentric portion I1. Some of the oil of this pool also rises through a port 01 to the supporting bearing 2i of the eccentric I3.

As shown in Fig. I, there areone or more oil v ports 68 leading from the interior of the eccenytric portion i1 outward to the step bearing rings 2l, which have radial lgrooves or channels 43 in their wearing surfaces. Thus oil is delivered Y between the wearing surfaces of the step bearing,

passing out through the ports I3 and intothe grooves 69, by centrifugal force, whenever the grooves and ports register, and thoroughly lubridann-33a upstanding from the bottom of the u drum I9, around the boss I8, with an annular strainer 69h over the space between the top f the dam and the boss. Thus dirt settling out is prevented lfrom ilnding its way back into circulation through the ports 66. 'I'he step bearing 20, ZI, it will be seen, is elevated well above the dirt in the bottom of thelubricating system, so

that it runs in and receives only clean oil- The downward-dared crushing shell or rockengaging lining 5 is mounted in the upper end of the hollow frame Aor casing 6, and is removable upward without breaking joints in either the frame or the shell,-which allows the frame 6 to be made in one piece, increasing its strength, and greatly reducing its cost. 'I'he shell 5 can also be made in one piece or without vertical division: as here shown, it comprises two annular members or concaves l0, II (as they are commonly termed), divided horizontally, and held in place in the frame Ii by superjacent annular securing means l2, suitably secured to the frame. The concaves l0, lI being flared externally as. well as internally, the securing means 'I2 is shown of a corresponding wedge section, so as to t in the frame 6 around (and above) the concaves, and hold them in denite axial alignment. 'I'he frame 6 and the wedge means I2 are shown with external anges 13, ld, through which extend securing bolts l5. The spider II (when a spider II and an upper shaft bearing I@ are employed) may be cast integral with the wedge means l2, which thus becomes, in effect, a spider rim. 'Ihe frame 6 is internally shouldered at 76, as a means of seating and sustaining the crushing shell 5 in the frame. a sliding t in the frame 6, and has its inner conical surface machined to fit-the concaves w, 7i, which maybe a ground machined fit in said part 72, or may have a supporting filler of spelter or any other means of making a joint. The frame is bored to receive the. circular wedge l2, and taper board at 'I6 in conformity to the conical edge of the lower concave 1I.

By pulling up the bolts l5 tightly, the wedge flange 'i6 is drawn to the framel flange 79, the wedge 12 is clamped in the frame 9, and the concaves 1li, 1 I are forced home and held securely against movement due to the crushing stresses. If desired, the wedge means 'l2 may be split at several points, to facilitate its removal from the frame 6 after the bolts 'I5 are taken out. The rim I2 may be protected from Wear by wearing plates 1l, and the spider hub, containing bearing III, by a wearing cap 18.

By operating the crusher after loosening the bolts 15, the wedge means I2 and-the concaves 10, 'II will be loosened in the frame 6, so as to be easily lifted out. Then the crushing head l with its shaft 8 can be lifted out, and after it the bearing 2l and the springs 3'I. The bottom I9 may be detached and removed downward, with (or followed by) eccentric I3 and gear 22. Countershaft bearing 25, pinion 23, and shaft 24 may be withdrawn sidewise together. Worm bearings 34, 3l may be withdrawn from opposite sides of the casing 6, and worm 3| then disengaged from gear 32 and withdrawn, along with thrust rings 36. 'I'he nut 90 may be screwed downward until freed from its threads 30a, and removed downward.

Fig. III shows a slightly modified construction, in which spring cushion support of the crushing head is dispensed with, and also the separate adjusting nut member 39. Accordingly, the head-supporting menber 21a alone forms the 'I'he circular wedge 7.2 has.

. beneath said shell, a

vertically adjustable structure, and has direct screw threaded engagement in thehub Ila. For this purpose, the reduced lower portion of this member 21a is externally screw threaded, and is provided with a worm gear or toothed portion 32a for engaging the adjusting worm .3I. To

facilitate assemblage, the screw threads of the..

hub I 4a may be on a separate hanged collar 80, seated in internal shoulders 8|,v 8| in the hub with a taper llt, and suitably engaged or otherwise secured against turning.

Fig. IV shows how the crusher of Figs. I-III may be lubricated by circulation of oil under pressure from an outside source, represented as a gear pump 84 drawing from 'a supply tank 85 and delivering through the bottom I9 directly 4into the interior of bearing boss I8 and eccentric portion I'l. From this point, the oil passes upward inside the eccentric I 3, etc., and returns downward into the drum I9 as already described,- although the inner eccentric-lubricating groove 52 need not, of course, be spiral, since the pump 84 can be relied on to force the oil upward as desired. The boss I8 is shown Without the ports 66 of Fig. I; and the oil returning to the drum I9 through the ports 63 passes out through a discharge connection 86 from the annular outer chamber of the drum and returns to the supply tank 85. As shown, a filtering or other purifying apparatus 8l of any suitable type may be interposed in the return connection 86. y

Having thus described our invention, we claim:

1.' In a gyratory crusher, the combination of Va frame provided with a crushing shell, a gyratory member having a crushing head for coacting with said shell, a rotary eccentric below said head for actuating Vsaid gyratory member, and supporting means under said head including a support rectly sustaining said bearing and head against normal crushing stresses, but permitting them to yield relative to said shell and frameunder excessive stress.

2. In a gyratory crusher, the combination of a frame with a crushing shell and an internal hub gyratory crushing head c0- actingwith said shell, a support bearing for said head underneath the same in said hub, and means in said hub for adjusting said bearing up A and down and resiliently supporting it, including spring means in the hub directly sustaining said bearing and head.v

3. In a gyratory crusher, the combination of a frame with a hub and a crushing shell, a gyratory crushing head coacting with said shell and having a downward extending shaft, a rotary eccentric below said'head for actuating said shaft, an annular support bearing for said head movable up and down in said hub around said eccentric, and also journalling the eccentric; and means for resiliently supporting said bearing and adjusting it up and down in the hub, including resilient means in the hub normally sustaining the bearing, but permitting it to yield under excessive crushing stress.

l 4. A gyratory crusher comprising a frame with a hub and a crushing shell, a gyratory crushing head cooperating with said shell and having a downward extending shaft, a rotary leccentric for member in screw threaded engagement in said hub below said yfirst-mentioned member, and

spring cushion means interposed between said members. y

' 5. In a gyratory crusher, the combinatlonwith said .eccentric and extending outward and upward Ato said channel, means for supplying oil to the the gyratory crushing head and its operating mechanism, and a lubricatingv system for the latter having ,an enclosure` around the same below the head, of a bearing support for the head at its lower side and spring means supporting said bearing support, all enclosed inside` the crusher in the said enclosure 'of its lubricating system and lubricated by said lubricating system.

6. In a gyratory crusher, the combination withl the gyratory crushing head and its operating mechanism, land. a lubricating system for the latter having an enclosure around the same below the head, of spring mounted supporting means for the headandmeans for vertically adjusting said means to raise and lower the head, all enclosed inside the crusher in thesaid enclosure of its said lubricating system and lubricated by said lubricating system. y

7. In a gyratory crusher, the combination of a frame with a hub and a crushing shell, a gyratory crushing head coacting with said shell and having a downward extending shaft, a rotary eccentric for actuating said shaft, means in said hub around and journalling said eccentric for supporting and vertically adjusting said head,

and a lubricating system for said eccentric andv said supporting and adjusting means enclosed in said hub and including means for circulating oil up anddown within said hub, one way inside the `eccentric and the other way outside the same, to lubricate the wearing surfaces of said eccentric andv said supporting and adjusting means.

8. In a gyratory crusher, the combination of a frame with a hub and a crushing shell, a gyratory crushing head cooperating with said shell having a downward extending shaft, a rotaryeccentric for actuating said shaft, an annular structure adjustable up and down in said hub around said eccentric, jonalling the eccentric and affording a supporting bearing for said head, and means for circulating oil in a closed system up and down within said hub, one way inside the eccentric and the other way outside the same, so as to lubricate the wearing surfaces within\ the hub.

9. In a gyratory crusher, the combination of 'a gyratory crushing head with a downward exy tending shaft, a rotary eccentric below said head for actuating said shaft, a bearing around said eccentric forsupporting said head having passage therein for oil outward and upward from the upper end lof said eccentric to the space or area of contact between the contact surfaces of said bearing, means for supplying oil at the top of said eccentric, and means on said eccentric for throwing the oil outward into the oil passage of said bearing to lubricate its contact with said head.

l0. In a gyratory crusher, the combination of a gyratory crushing head with a downward extending shaft, a rotary eccentric below said head for` actuating said shaft, a bearing around said eccentric for supporting said head, said head and said bearing having spherical coacting wearing 2,066,881 surfaces with an annularly extending oil l uting channel open ,directly tothe space or of contact betweensaid surfaces and oil ports in the bearing open into its interior at the top of interior of said bearing, and centrifugal vanes at the top of said eccentric for throwingl the oil into said ports and thereby supplying said channel.

1l. In a gyratory crusher, the combination with a gyratory crushing head and its shaft and a rotary eccentric for actuating said shaft, of an annular step bearing supporting said eccentric,

with centrifugal means carried by and within the eccentric and a duct through the eccentric wall delivering oil from said centrifugal means outward between the coacting supporting surfaces of said eccentric and step bearing. l

12. In a gyratory crusher, the combination with the gyratory crushing head and its shaft and a rotary eccentric for actuating said shaft, of anl annular extemai step bearing supporting said eccentric at an intermediate point in its length, with oil passage upward through said eccentric and outward throughits wall for conducting oil between the coacting supporting surfaces of said eccentric and step bearing, and means for supplying oil under pressure to the interior of the eccentric.

13. In a gyratory crusher, the combination with the gyratory crushing `head and its shaft and a hollow rotary eccentric for actuating said shaft, of. means affording an annular step bearing for said eccentric` at an intermediate point in its livering the oil between the wearing surfaces of said step bearing.

v 14. In a gyratory crusher, the combination with a gyratory crusher head and its downward extending shaft, of an eccentric for actuating said shaft including a hollow journal portion 'extending downward below the shaft, and a step bearing for they eccentric above said hollow journal portion, with oil passage from the interior of said eccentric outward-for delivering oil between the wearing surfaces oi' said step bearing, and means for introducing oil under pressure into said lower `hollow portion of the eccentric.

15. In a gyratory crusher, the combination of a frame provided with a crushing shell, a gyratory crushing head coacting with said shell and having a downward extending shaft, a rotary eccentric below said head for actuating saidshaft,

an annular support bearing for said head in said frame, around and journalling said eccentric, and supporting means for said bearing operatively interposed between the latter and said frame and including resilient means normally sustaining the bearing, but permitting it to yield relative to said shell and frame under excessive crushing stress.

EDWARD HENRY BEYHL. v 

